OBJECTIVE:: The aim of this study is to examine the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Oxford Cognitive Screen in a subacute stroke population. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING:: Fifty-seven subacute stroke outpatients and 54 healthy individuals were recruited in Alicante province, Spain. MAIN MEASURE:: The Oxford Cognitive Screen. OTHER MEASURES:: The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, the Barcelona test, and the Barthel Index. DESIGN:: A validation study was conducted to analyze the inter-rater, intra-rater, test-retest, and internal consistency of the Spanish version of the Oxford Cognitive Screen. Concurrent validity was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and the Barcelona test, and divergent validity using the Barthel index. Discriminant indices such as the sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and optimal cut-offs were also estimated. RESULTS:: The subtests of the Spanish version of the Oxford Cognitive Screen showed excellent estimates for the inter-reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.790 to 1.000; rs = 0.693 to 1.000), and acceptable-good for intra-reliability (ICC = 0.181 to 0.990) and test-retest reliability ( rs = 0.173 to 0.971). Internal consistency was also excellent (standardized Cronbach's α = 0.907). Spearman correlations for the concurrent validity were low-strong ( rs = -0.193 to 0.95) and low-moderate ( rs = -0.091 to 0.443) for divergent validity. The optimal cut-offs estimated for the subtests of the Spanish version of the Oxford Cognitive Screen showed good-high specificity (66.7%-100%) and positive predictive value (67.9%-100%), and low-good sensitivity (14.8%-83.3%) and moderate-good negative predictive value (53.5%-76.6%). Discriminant power as measured by the area under the curve indicated acceptable-good values (0.397 to 0.894). CONCLUSION:: Our findings support that the Spanish version of the Oxford Cognitive Screen is a reliable and valid tool for screening cognitive impairments in subacute stroke patients.
Cognitive Dysfunction/diagnosis , Neuropsychological Tests , Stroke/complications , Aged , Case-Control Studies , Cognitive Dysfunction/etiology , Female , Humans , Male , Psychometrics , Reproducibility of Results , Spain , Translations
INTRODUCTION: Between 30% and 40% of patients with brain damage present alterations in their level of consciousness and, in some cases, altered states of consciousness: unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS) or minimally conscious state (MCS). Recovery varies and survival is threatened by a number of complications. AIMS: The purpose of this study is to present the working methodology used at the Hospital La Pedrera (HLP) for patients in UWS or MCS and to analyse the clinical characteristics of the patients attended to, their progress, and the functional and cognitive situation at the time of their discharge from hospital. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The work consisted in a prospective descriptive study of patients seen at the HLP over the period 2009-2013, who had been diagnosed with UWS or MCS. RESULTS: The HLP uses the case management method, offering integrated care dispensed by a multidisciplinary team. Patients are classified according to healthcare goals. Patients with UWS or MCS are included in the integrated care and adaptation programme. A total of 23 patients (86.9% males) were attended to, the mean age being 54.9 years. Aetiology: brain haemorrhage, 30.4%; anoxic encephalopathy, 26.6%; metabolic encephalopathy, 17.3%; and other causes, 17.3%. Altogether 73.9% were admitted in UWS and the rest in MCS. COURSE: 43.4% improved their initial cognitive situation and 88.8% presented a situation of total dependence at the time of discharge. The most frequent complications were respiratory and urinary infections (53.6%). Death occurred in 65.2% of cases. CONCLUSIONS: Medical attention in UWS or MCS is complex and requires multidisciplinary care. Almost half of the patients improved their cognitive situation, which justifies a proactive attitude that attempts to improve the quality of life of both patients and their families.
TITLE: Atencion a pacientes con estados alterados de conciencia en un hospital de pacientes cronicos y larga estancia.Introduccion. Un 30-40% de los pacientes con daño cerebral presenta alteraciones del nivel de conciencia, y algunos casos, estados alterados de conciencia: sindrome de vigilia sin respuesta (SVSR) o estado de minima conciencia (EMC). La recuperacion es variable y la supervivencia esta amenazada por multiples complicaciones. Objetivos. Presentar la metodologia de trabajo del Hospital La Pedrera (HLP) para pacientes en SVSR o EMC y analizar las caracteristicas clinicas de los pacientes atendidos, la evolucion, y la situacion funcional y cognitiva en el momento del alta. Pacientes y metodos. Estudio descriptivo prospectivo de pacientes atendidos en el HLP durante el periodo 2009-2013, con diagnostico de SVSR o EMC. Resultados. El HLP trabaja mediante el metodo gestion de caso, ofreciendo una atencion integral por un equipo multidisciplinar. Los pacientes se clasifican segun objetivos asistenciales. Los pacientes con SVSR o EMC se incluyen en el programa de cuidados integrales y adaptacion. Se atendio a 23 pacientes (86,9% varones), con una edad media de 54,9 años. Etiologia: hemorragia cerebral, 30,4%; encefalopatia anoxica, 26,6%; encefalopatia metabolica, 17,3%; y otras causas, 17,3%. El 73,9% ingreso en SVSR y el resto en EMC. Evolucion: el 43,4% mejoro su situacion cognitiva inicial y el 88,8% presentaba una situacion de dependencia total en el momento del alta. Las complicaciones mas frecuentes fueron infecciones respiratorias y urinarias (53,6%). El 65,2% de los casos fueron exitus. Conclusiones. La asistencia en SVSR o EMC es compleja y precisa cuidados multidisciplinares. Casi la mitad de los pacientes mejoro su situacion cognitiva, lo que justifica una actitud proactiva que intente mejorar la calidad de vida de los pacientes y sus familias.
Persistent Vegetative State/therapy , Sleep Wake Disorders/therapy , Chronic Disease , Cognition , Female , Hospitals , Humans , Length of Stay , Male , Middle Aged , Persistent Vegetative State/psychology , Prospective Studies , Sleep Wake Disorders/psychology
Introducción. Un 30-40% de los pacientes con daño cerebral presenta alteraciones del nivel de conciencia, y algunos casos, estados alterados de conciencia: síndrome de vigilia sin respuesta (SVSR) o estado de mínima conciencia (EMC). La recuperación es variable y la supervivencia está amenazada por múltiples complicaciones. Objetivos. Presentar la metodología de trabajo del Hospital La Pedrera (HLP) para pacientes en SVSR o EMC y analizar las características clínicas de los pacientes atendidos, la evolución, y la situación funcional y cognitiva en el momento del alta. Pacientes y métodos. Estudio descriptivo prospectivo de pacientes atendidos en el HLP durante el período 2009-2013, con diagnóstico de SVSR o EMC. Resultados. El HLP trabaja mediante el método gestión de caso, ofreciendo una atención integral por un equipo multidisciplinar. Los pacientes se clasifican según objetivos asistenciales. Los pacientes con SVSR o EMC se incluyen en el programa de cuidados integrales y adaptación. Se atendió a 23 pacientes (86,9% varones), con una edad media de 54,9 años. Etiología: hemorragia cerebral, 30,4%; encefalopatía anóxica, 26,6%; encefalopatía metabólica, 17,3%; y otras causas, 17,3%. El 73,9% ingresó en SVSR y el resto en EMC. Evolución: el 43,4% mejoró su situación cognitiva inicial y el 88,8% presentaba una situación de dependencia total en el momento del alta. Las complicaciones más frecuentes fueron infecciones respiratorias y urinarias (53,6%). El 65,2% de los casos fueron exitus. Conclusiones. La asistencia en SVSR o EMC es compleja y precisa cuidados multidisciplinares. Casi la mitad de los pacientes mejoró su situación cognitiva, lo que justifica una actitud proactiva que intente mejorar la calidad de vida de los pacientes y sus familias (AU)
Introduction. Between 30% and 40% of patients with brain damage present alterations in their level of consciousness and, in some cases, altered states of consciousness: unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS) or minimally conscious state (MCS). Recovery varies and survival is threatened by a number of complications. Aims. The purpose of this study is to present the working methodology used at the Hospital La Pedrera (HLP) for patients in UWS or MCS and to analyse the clinical characteristics of the patients attended to, their progress, and the functional and cognitive situation at the time of their discharge from hospital. Patients and methods. The work consisted in a prospective descriptive study of patients seen at the HLP over the period 2009-2013, who had been diagnosed with UWS or MCS. Results. The HLP uses the case management method, offering integrated care dispensed by a multidisciplinary team. Patients are classified according to healthcare goals. Patients with UWS or MCS are included in the integrated care and adaptation programme. A total of 23 patients (86.9% males) were attended to, the mean age being 54.9 years. Aetiology: brain haemorrhage, 30.4%; anoxic encephalopathy, 26.6%; metabolic encephalopathy, 17.3%; and other causes, 17.3%. Altogether 73.9% were admitted in UWS and the rest in MCS. Course: 43.4% improved their initial cognitive situation and 88.8% presented a situation of total dependence at the time of discharge. The most frequent complications were respiratory and urinary infections (53.6%). Death occurred in 65.2% of cases. Conclusions. Medical attention in UWS or MCS is complex and requires multidisciplinary care. Almost half of the patients improved their cognitive situation, which justifies a proactive attitude that attempts to improve the quality of life of both patients and their families (AU)
Humans , Male , Female , Brain Damage, Chronic/cerebrospinal fluid , Brain Damage, Chronic/metabolism , Consciousness Disorders/complications , Consciousness Disorders/pathology , Respiratory Tract Infections/diagnosis , Pharmaceutical Preparations/administration & dosage , Brain Damage, Chronic/complications , Brain Damage, Chronic/pathology , Consciousness Disorders/metabolism , Consciousness Disorders/prevention & control , Respiratory Tract Infections/metabolism , Pharmaceutical Preparations , Epidemiology, Descriptive
INTRODUCTION: Up to 60% of women relate their episodes of headache to menstrual cycle. Menstrual migraine has been included in the second edition of the International Classification of Headache disorders. Menstrual tension-type headache has not yet been recognised by the International Headache Society. AIMS: To evaluate the prevalence of different subtypes of menstrual headache and to analyze their clinical features and the treatment prescribed. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We prospectively included women attending several neurology outpatient clinics, from January to November 2008 whose headache appeared during the menstrual period. RESULTS: A total of 108 patients were included during the study period. Mean age was 34.8 ± 8.9 years-old. 29.3% suffered from pure menstrual migraine, 58.7% from menstrual related migraine, 4.5% from pure menstrual tension-type headache and 7.5% from menstrual related tension type headache. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that menstrual related tension-type headaches exist with a prevalence found about 12%, in our neurology outpatient clinics.
Headache Disorders/classification , Headache Disorders/epidemiology , Headache Disorders/etiology , Menstrual Cycle , Adult , Female , Headache Disorders/therapy , Humans , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Young Adult
